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General Outpatient The General Outpatient Clinic Public-Private Partnership Programme
Clinic Public-Private (GOPC-PPP) is a primary care public-private partnership programme
Partnership launched by the Hospital Authority in 2014 and now covers all 18 districts
Programme in Hong Kong. Its primary aims include incentivising patients who are
(GOPC-PPP) eligible based on pre-defined clinical criteria (with hypertension and/or
diabetes), with or without hyperlipidemia and are deemed clinically stable)
to see private sector services, and promoting the family doctor concept.
The programme subsidises up to ten consultations per year and
associated drugs.
(HA, 2021e)
Incorporating Incorporating cost-effective contracting is one of the five elements of
cost-effective strategic purchasing based on a synthesised framework. It entails that
contracting governments and health systems define the contracting process (in other
words, the payment system and financing mechanism between
purchasers and providers) for strategic purchasing, including measuring
the impact of the contract on population health, adequate incentivisation
of providers through performance-based financing, and risk-sharing
between purchaser and provider.
(Klasa et al., 2018)
Out-of-pocket Out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) is defined by the WHO as an individual’s
payments (OOPs) direct payments (household spending) to healthcare providers for any
health services where any third-party payer reimbursement, such as
insurance funds or government subsidy, do not cover the full cost of the
services.
(WHO & IBRD, 2020)
Population health Population health is one of the five elements of strategic purchasing based
on a synthesised strategic purchasing framework. It suggests that
purchasing decisions, should be influenced by routine information sharing
of population health needs and provider performance.
(Klasa et al., 2018; WHO, 2017b)

Primary care Primary care is the first point of care for individuals, including preventive,
diagnostic, and curative services. Primary care is only one of the
components of primary healthcare.
(OHKF, 2018)
Primary healthcare Primary healthcare (PHC) is a healthcare service field necessary for
(PHC) equitable healthcare system development, defined by the WHO has
having the three inter-related components: primary care and essential
public health functions, multisectoral policy and action, and empowered
people and communities. PHC has a low implementation cost and
includes a very comprehensive scope of services, thus positioned as a
meaningful investment to address populational health more holistically.
(WHO & UNICEF, 2018)
Public-private PPP is defined as “an agreement between the government and one or
partnership (PPP) more private partners (which may include the operators and the financers)
according to which the private partners deliver the service in such a
manner that the service delivery objectives of the government are aligned
with the profit objectives of the private partners and where the
effectiveness of the alignment depends on a sufficient transfer of risk to
the private partners.” While optimally a PPP will serve as a strategic
purchasing instrument, a PPP may or may not apply strategic purchasing.
(OECD, 2008)
Risk Assessment Risk Assessment and Management Programme for Diabetes Mellitus
and Management (RAMP-DM) is a territory-wide programme launched by the Hospital
Programme for Authority to improve the quality of care for primary care patients with
Diabetes Mellitus diabetes mellitus (DM) receiving care in the GOPCs. All enrolled patients
(RAMP-DM) undergo a comprehensive risk assessment and screening for diabetes-
related complications, and tailored care plans with risk-appropriate
intervention and education by a team of multi-disciplinary healthcare
professionals are delivered.
(Fung et al., 2012; Wan et al., 2018)

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