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Box 3.5
Primary healthcare spending categories with
specific codes from the SHA 2011
1. General outpatient and home-based consultation
• General outpatient curative care (HC.1.3.1)
• Dental outpatient curative care (HC.1.3.2)
• Curative outpatient care, not elsewhere classified (HC.1.3.nec)
• Home-based curative care (HC.1.4)
• Outpatient (HC.3.3) and home-based (HC.3.4) long-term health care
2. Preventive care (HC.6)
3. Part of “medical goods provided outside health care
services”, which is mostly comprised of medicine
purchased outside of health facilities (e.g., pharmacies
and markets) or paid separately from the consultation fee
(80% of HC.5)
4. Part of health system administration and governance costs
(80% of HC.7)
Source: WHO, 2019a
Notably, there is no set global standard for the percentage of health expenditure that a health
system should be spending on PHC. Across 88 countries analysed in the 2019 WHO “Global
Spending on Health” report, PHC spending ranged from 33% to 88% of health
spending, with a global 54% average across 88 countries (WHO, 2019). Part of the
rationale for this drastic difference is in the varying availability of funds, historical context,
and levels of development across health systems.
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